Great Islamic Civilizations

Rashidun Caliphate in Medina, Arabia 7th Century
Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, Syria 7th-8th Centuries
Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba, Spain 8th-11th Centuries
Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, Iraq 8th-13th Centuries
Fatimid Caliphate in Cairo, Egypt 10th-12th Centuries
Berber Caliphate from Marrakesh, Morocco 11th-13th Centuries

Almoravid Caliphate 1040-1147
Almohad Caliphate 1121-1269

Seljuk Caliphate in Isfahan, Persia 11th-12th Centuries
Ayyubid Caliphate in Cairo, Egypt 12th-13th Centuries
Mamluk Caliphate in Cairo, Egypt 13th-16th Centuries
Ottoman Caliphate in Istanbul, Turkey 13th-20th Centuries
Safavid Caliphate in Isfahan, Persia 16th-18th Centuries
Mughal Caliphate in Delhi, India 16th-19th Centuries